3 мая 2021 г.6 мин. чтения

Fear Soy Not

Source: Widely made assumption. Tactic:

Blaming vegans for the damage caused by non-veganism
Conflating efficient primary consumption (of soy-based foods) with wasteful secondary consumption (of soy-fed animals)

Truth:

There's nothing inherently environmentally damaging about farming any type of bean, including soybeans. The damage is caused by growing said bean to fatten up tens of billions of farmed animals, because then an unreasonable and unsustainable amount of beans must be grown. The fact is that 85% of the world's soybean crop is used as animal feed (Oilseed & Grain News). The way to prevent soy over-farming is by eating it directly in the form of vegan soy foods rather than cycling it through animals before consumption.

“Increasing meat consumption is the main driver behind soy’s continuing expansion. Around three-quarters of soy worldwide is used for animal feed, especially for poultry and pigs. — The Growth of Soy: Impacts and Solutions, 2014 WWF report

Think of it it this way:

A quarter of all Americans regularly buy hummus – far more than buy tofu. Yet garbanzo beans are not destroying the planet, because they're not being used to fatten up tens of billions of farmed animals. If they were, they too would be destroying the planet, and it would have nothing to do with hummus, or vegans, or the beans themsevles. Vegans are not responsible for the animal slaughter industry's egregious misuse and squandering of soybeans. Primary consumption of soybeans in the form of soy foods (which, unlike soy-based feed, are often organic and non-GMO if that's a concern for you) respects our planet's ecological limits. Consumption of the flesh and bodily fluids of animals does not. Says WWF, "Limiting consumption of animal-based food products, particularly meat, is one thing people can do to help end this devastating trend [of soybean over-farming]." Note that reducing consumption of animal meat/products, not soy foods, is the effective action people can take.

The same dynamics apply to other foods used as feed, such as corn and grain. Corn is the largest crop grown by American farmers, and it's largely responsible for the ongoing depletion of the Midwest's massive Ogallala Aquifer – but it's not because vegans or anyone else secretly sitting around eating corn on the cob all day, it's because it's the most widely-used feed crop in the US. But since corn and grain aren't particularly associated with vegans like soy is, people seem to be less inclined to implicate their overproduction in the ongoing destruction of our environment. They just tend to omit it altogether. The fact that people are willing to blame vegans for the damage specifically caused by non-vegans' secondary consumption of soybeans and other animal feed shows how little most people have actually thought about the logistics of animal consumption. If they have thought about it and are still spreading this myth, they are being intentionally obtuse knowing that most people won't have the above context.

“80% of Amazon soy is destined for animal feed; smaller percentages are used for oil or eaten directly. — Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Issues

A Note about Soy Agriculture in the Amazon Although many people assume the soybeans grown in the Amazon are for popular vegan foods like tofu and soy milk, the reality is that, per Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Issues, “80% of Amazon soy is destined for animal feed; smaller percentages are used for oil or eaten directly.” Since eating soy directly rather than cycled through animals first would reduce the clearance of natural vegetation required to supply us with the same amount of protein by a whopping 94% (source in quote below), we logically wouldn’t need to tear down the Amazon to grow soybeans if they were just being used for vegan food, because we could grow far less of them using far less land. See our resource on land use and deforestation for more research that shows, between clearing for pastures and feed crops like soy, beef production is the top driver of Amazon deforestation.

“This might seem counter-intuitive, but were we to eat soya rather than meat, the clearance of natural vegetation required to supply us with the same amount of protein would decline by 94%. Producing protein from chickens requires three times as much land as protein from soybeans. Pork needs nine times, beef 32 times. — George Monbiot, Guardian journalist & UN Global 500 Award winner for outstanding environmental achievement

“‘’Soybeans produce at least two times as much usable protein per acre than any other major vegetable or grain crop, except for hemp... They produce 5 to 10 times more protein per acre than land set aside for grazing animals to make milk, and up to 15 times more protein per acre than land set aside for meat production.’’ — Edible protein per unit area of land, Wikipedia (original source is National Soybean Research Laboratory)

Further reading:

As We Soy, So Shall We Reap (Gentle World) Soy, You & Deforestation (WWF) Explain Like I’m 5: Why Tofu Consumption Is Not Responsible for Soy-Related Deforestation (One Green Planet) Edible protein per area unit of land (Wikipedia, citations included) Ignore the anti-soya scaremongers (The Guardian) Soy Agriculture in the Amazon Basin (Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Issues) The Growth of Soy: Impacts and Solutions (WWF report)

A note about anti-soy health claims

Because soy foods threaten unrivaled meat industry dominance, unsubstantiated health claims against soy foods are made just as often as environmental ones. This campaign generally doesn’t address health claims, but this one is so pervasive that we must. To understand the ironic, almost paradoxical motivation for soy-bashing, consider the following: “Because soybeans are high in protein,” explains the North Carolina Soybean Producers Association, “they are a major ingredient in livestock feed.” Wait a minute – aren't we were supposed to eat the livestock animals because they’re high in protein? “Soy foods are cholesterol-free, excellent sources of high quality protein, and they offer a healthy mix of polyunsaturated fat,” brags the Wisconsin Soybean Association, with Healthline noting that soybeans are "fairly high in fiber." But hang on, doesn’t meat have cholesterol and saturated fat, and NO fiber? So we take the beans and add bad things to them that weren’t there before and remove the good stuff? “Animal agriculture is a soybean farmer’s #1 customer.” Gotcha. Guess we won’t ask questions, then. Due to scientific laws of trophic levels, primary soy consumption of plant-based foods like tofu requires far fewer soybeans to be grown and sold than does secondary soy consumption of meat, milk, and eggs from soy-fed animals. Soybeans are highly subsidized, masking the high material cost of inefficiently cycling them through countless animals rather than just eating them directly. Even though most of the world’s soybeans are consumed indirectly by humans through soy-fed animals, vegan foods made from soy (a far more efficient use of soybeans) are often framed as being inferior, inadequate or unsafe. Starting to see the bizarre paradox here? Unsurprisingly, this anti-soy fear-mongering originated with meat industry advocacy organizations like the Weston Price Foundation, as explained in the article A Vegan Doctor Addresses Soy Myths and Misinformation, and it spread like wildfire in a society looking for anti-vegan/pro-meat confirmation bias. However, the largest organization of food and nutrition professionals in the world (the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics) supports soy as a healthy food staple rather than a "danger," per Clearing Up Confusion Over Soy and RD Resources of Consumers: Safety of Soy. Much of the hysteria is based on something called phytoestrogens, often conflated with actual estrogen. Per Harvard, 60-80% of the actual estrogen in human diets comes from consuming the lacteal secretions of pregnant or recently pregnant, massive one-ton cows (in the form of "dairy"). Phytoestrogens, on the other hand, are naturally occurring plant compounds – actually more abundant in flaxseeds than soy – that are weak or actually block estrogen’s effects. Also, many of the soy studies were on animals given massive amounts of soy that no one would ever realistically consume. Like any other food, it should be eaten along with a variety of other food. But unless you are allergic or believe you have an intolerance, it does not have to avoided. It's clear that little critical thought has gone into the anti-soy health myths that have unfortunately scared many people away from soy-based vegan foods, but not soy-based animal foods – which was the exact intention of the smear campaign. You're smarter than that. Rather than being some dangerous pox on our planet, soybeans are a highly nutritious vegan source of all eight amino acids (making it a "complete protein") and a very important food source historically and globally. Don't be afraid of a bean.